英语同义词赏析

Fielding from spiiker English

导入：
 英汉语言存在巨大的差异，无论词汇还是语法，都有自己独特的体系。
 英语词汇的表达更加讲究精确，即表达相同的意义时，不同的场合和语境下要使用不同的词汇。如：汉语说：“吃饭时间到”，英语中却要说出是have breakfast, lunch or supper，即早饭，午饭还是晚饭，在英语中分的很清楚，没有像汉语中的“吃饭”这样的模糊概念。
看下面的例子：
证明&证实在英语中主要有如下说法：
illustrate, prove, verify, testify, certify, affirm, confirm, demonstrate, validate, substantiate, and so on……

如此多的证明，要如何选用呢？
details
illustrate:  用（图表，插图，示例）证明
This diagram will illustrate what I mean.

demonstrate: 用（实例，标本，实验）证明
All of those experiments demonstrated the correctness of his analysis.

validate: 证明，验证，使生效
词根为valid：有效的，正当的，有根据的
本词是一个较为专业的词汇，多用在法律，医学等领域中。
Further clinical and basic researches should be encouraged to validate the use of this drug.
In order to validate the agreement between yourself and your employer, you must both sign it.

substantiate: 用（事实，证据）证明
词根为substance：物质，实质
根据词根可知，其动词形式的内在含义即：用实实在在的看得见摸得着的东西，来证明……
To substantiate a scientific hypothesis needs a large amount of evidence.
Do you have any proof to substantiate your alibi?

certify, verify, testify, affirm, confirm, prove则无显著差异，均表示证明，证实某事
The doctor certified him insane.

Later,findings verified the scientist's theory.

The next move is to testify the idea's feasibility.

The ministry affirmed that the visit had been postponed.

The experiment confirmed my theory.

In order to prove his point he showed them the latest sales figures.

对大量的同义词逐个探究必会耗用大量的时间和精力，面对浩如烟海的单词表，似乎力不从心。
至少，总结同义词是一种粗略记忆的好方法，这是一种联想记忆方式，想到一个词就可以牵出其它的同义词，每当想到同义群体中的任何一个词时，都可以下意识的将它的同义词全部在脑中过一遍，这样一来单词的复现几率就会远远高于通过看单词书进行记忆的方式~~

other examples
英语中的同义词可谓玲琅满目，俯拾即是，如
大的：big, large, huge, enormous, tremendous, immense, colossal, gigant, gigantic, monstrous,fantastic, vast…
奇怪的：strange, freak, peculiar, curious, odd, eccentric, outlandish, queer,weird, funny, bizarre, monstrous
吸引：attract, absorb, capture, fascinate, appeal to, lure, intrigue, tempt, induce, seduce, entrance

轻蔑，嘲笑：despise, disdain, trifle, slight, scorn, disparage, discriminate, sneer, mock, jibe, taunt, ridicule, jeer, contempt
袭击，侵占：attack, assault, assail, raid, intrude, invade, charge at, wage war on, fight with, fight against, deprive, rob
悲伤的：sad, agonizing, mournful, sorrowful, grieved, grievous, miserable, tragic, pathetic, wretched, distressing, sorry-looking，painful, bitter, abject

一群：group, horde, column, colony, crowd, stock, flock, school, pile, cluster, procession, swarm, troop, shoal, drove, stack, herd, throng
 对抗，袭击：protest, oppose, overthrow, object to, remonstrate, turn against, compete against, rebel, repel, withstand, offend, struggle against, defy, betray, attack, assault, assail, raid, intrude, invade, charge at, wage war on, fight with, fight against, air raid, deprive, rob

恐惧的：afraid, frightful, frightened, terrible, horrible, terrified, horrified, terrifying, frightening, dreadful, petrified, scared, panic, eerie, startled, intimidated
骄傲的：proud, assuming, haughty, conceited, presumptuous, overbearing, pretentious
聪明的，出色的：shrewd, resourceful, wise, canny, advisable, sensible, smart, flexible, intelligent, knowledgeable, quick-minded, impressive, brilliant, excellent, wonderful
…………

对同义词的总结，有助于快捷高效的记忆大量词汇，若能假以时日予以考究，则能极大的增强英文表达的地道性。

版权属于：必克英语

原文地址：http://www.spiiker.com/communication-detail/communication/27223169.html
转载时必须以链接形式注明作者和原始出处及本声明。